![]() Linguistic and archaeological evidence indicates that Austronesian speakers first reached Sumatra from Taiwan and the Philippines through Borneo or Java about 2,500 years ago, and the Batak probably descended from these settlers. ‘S-Gravenhage, Martinus Nijhoff: KLTLV.A traditional Toba Batak house (see Batak architecture). New Haven and London: Yale University Press. Princeton, N.J: Princeton University Press. Multiculturalism: Examining the Politics of Recognition (Revised edition A. “Politics of Recognition”, in Amy Gutmann (ed) 1994, Multiculturalism, Examining the Politics of Recognition, p.25-74. ![]() Cambridge, Massachussets: Harvard University Press. Sources of the Self, The Making of the Modern Identity. Etika Umum: Masalah-masalah Pokok Filsafat Moral. Princeton, New Jersery: Princenton University Press. Multiculturalism, Examining the Politics of Recognition. The Manggaraians: A Guide to a Traditional Life Style. Jakarta: Parrhesia Institute Jakarta.Įrb, M. Tradisi Lisan Manggarai, Membidik Persaudaraan Dalam Bingkai Sastra. It is based on several field research conducted in Manggarai for a project of doctoral dissertation.ĭeki, K. This study traces such tendency in one of traditional community, Manggarai, in Flores, East Nusa Tenggara. In moral issues individuals should make their own decision. ![]() Also in traditional community individuals are endorsed to make their own moral considerations though it means they contradict society. Individuals do not depend upon social-communal values. Traditional-ethical texts endorse individuals to have their own opinion on important issues of social-moral life, though they will different from the mainstream. ![]() Strong awareness of moral-self endorses people to have courage to make a personal-individual moral decision (Tillich). Manggaraian people, though mainstream anthropology categorize it communal-traditional society, have some basic knowledge of the idea of moral-self, in the philosophical terminology of Taylor. Based on a study of “ethical-texts” preserved in Manggaraian oral-tradition, however, I postulate that indigenous tribes have their own way-of-thinking about individual-self, particularly individual-moral-self. Herder) with the birth of modern awareness of “individual-self” connected to western-modern individualistic society. Charles Taylor traced its historical development back to great philosophers of European rationalism (Kant, Hegel, Rousseau, J. Western philosophers called the idea of “individual-self” a “modern project”. ![]()
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